Saturday, May 15, 2010 ~ Have your say...

Images of Earth: Our Pale Blue Dot

Let us take a journey from the surface of the Earth to the edge of our solar system.  Along the way, we'll take a look back at our planet, where we can appreciate the vast distances of space, and the uniqueness of our home - a Pale Blue Dot in a sea of stars and galaxies.

At ground level, we see one of the Earth's many ecosystems, this, being of the Rocky Mountains in Canada.


As we move to the height of the space shuttle Discovery (from 175km to 960km), we can see the beautiful auroras, created when solar winds crash into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles.


As the Earth rotates and transitions from night to day, we see the north Atlantic Ocean from the Equator through Western Africa, toward Iceland and Greenland, over Scandinavia, France, Spain and more. Showing a curbed "terminator" from night to day, the image is a compilation from NASA.


At around 700 kilometers above the Earth, NASA's Terra satellite captured the most detailed image of the Earth yet.  The satellite used a device called MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), which serves as an integrated tool for observing a variety of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric features of Earth. (image credit:  NASA)


Another view, from space shuttle Discovery, shows the moon setting from the Earth's limb. Since the moon is in a synchronized rotation with the Earth, we only see one side of its surface.  Pictures like this give us a more complete view.


 Next, we view of the Earth rising over the Moon's horizon.  This image was taken during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. The lunar terrain pictured is in the area of Smyth's Sea on the near side. While the Lunar Module "Eagle" was on the surface to explore the Sea of Tranquility, the Command and Services Module "Columbia" remained in lunar orbit. (image credit:  NASA)


Further still, we venture outward towards Mars.  Below, the Earth and moon seen from Mars in May, 2003.  At the time the image was taken, the Earth was 142 million kilometers from Mars  (image credit:  NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona)


Recently, NASA released the first image of Earth from the surface of another planet.  It was taken by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit, one hour before sunrise on the 63rd Martian day of its mission.  (image credit:  NASA/JPL/Cornell/Texas A&M)


From Mercury, the Earth almost looks as if it is a binary system.  The photos below were taken by NASA's MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging) spacecraft.


As we venture further still, the Earth-Moon system is visible as a bright blue point on the right side of the image above center. Here, the Cassini Space Probe is looking down on the Atlantic Ocean and the western coast of north Africa.

A magnified view of the image taken through the clear filter shows the Moon as a dim protrusion to the upper left of the Earth. Seen from the outer solar system through Cassini’s cameras, the space between the Earth and moon is nothing more than a few pixels across, spanning an actual distance of approximately 384,000 kilometers (the average distance between the Earth and the moon).  (image credit:  NASA/JPL)



Finally, seen from 6 billion kilometres (3.7 billion miles), Earth appears as a tiny dot (the blueish-white speck approximately halfway down the brown band to the right, circled) within the darkness of deep space. This photograph was taken in 1990 by the Voyager 1 spacecraft, on it's way out of the Solar System.  This Pale Blue Dot, barely recognizable from this distance, is the only home we've ever known.


In a commencement address delivered May 11, 1996, Carl Sagan related his thoughts on a deeper meaning of the photograph:

"From this distant vantage point, the Earth might not seem of particular interest. But for us, it's different. Consider again that dot. That's here, that's home, that's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.

Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.

The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.

It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known."
Carl Sagan, May 11th, 1996




Wednesday, May 12, 2010 ~ Have your say...

Incredible Images of Galaxies: Part 1

A galaxy is a collection of stars, gas, and dust bound together by gravity.  The smallest galaxies may contain only a few hundred thousand stars, while the largest may have hundreds of billions.  Galaxies are spread about by vast distances, separated by (relatively) empty space.  Their diameters may range from hundreds of light years across (for the smallest dwarf galaxies) to hundreds of thousands of light years across.

Here is Part 1 of a collection of some of my favourite images of galaxies.  All credits go the respective owners of these images, and the Astronomy Picture of the Day, where these can all be found with detailed explanations.



The Sombrero Galaxy:
   
The Andromeda Galaxy:

NGC 1300:

NGC 3190:

The Milky Way Galaxy:

Saturday, May 8, 2010 ~ Have your say...

Following Footprints: The Elusive Bigfoot

Written by guest author Adam Welsh
My first introduction to Bigfoot (or “Sasquatch,” as he’s commonly referred to north of the 48th parallel) was in the film Harry and the Hendersons. In this 1987 comedy, John Lithgow and family run over a strange creature on their way home from a camping trip. For reasons that are still unclear, Lithgow’s character straps the creature to the roof of his car and continues on his way home. There, Bigfoot, or “Harry” in this case, wakes up and terrorizes the home before befriending the family who eventually return him to his rightful place, the wild.
As a young boy at the time, I didn’t know enough to question the absurdity of Harry and the Hendersons, but even in such a state of naivety, I remained unconvinced of the legitimacy of Bigfoot. The basic idea that a colony of Bigfoots (or would they be called Big Feet?) could be roaming around undiscovered to this day, seemed preposterous to me. Surely the number of creatures required to maintain a relatively healthy population level could not go unnoticed for all these years, especially in a world that is quickly becoming devoid of hiding places. Someone would’ve seen something, somewhere, sometime, wouldn’t they?
The idea that one of the world’s secrets had remained unanswered, at least, en mass, was something I found increasingly intriguing as I grew older. To think, that we as humans don’t have all the answers, that some ancient creature with feet so large, that its name origins was derived, was something I could no longer dismiss. I wanted to believe in these creatures that purportedly stand upwards of eight feet tall and top the scales at an eye-popping 500 pounds. These mountains of fur, that patrol the far reaches of Northwestern forests or the shadowy canyons of the Rocky Mountains, away from our curious eyes. The more I thought about it, the more probable their existence seemed. New species are discovered on a seemingly daily basis. Why couldn’t Bigfoot have been just one of many that had slipped through our grasp in our rush to tag everything with a label and bar code?
I officially became a Bigfoot fan, ready to proudly announce my belief at any moment, and denounce any doubter. It wasn’t the creature itself that I feverishly protected, but the possibilities it represented. I was tired of living in a world without mysteries to unravel, secrets to keep, hope of something more than just the present, the everyday, the boring. And so I clung to every sighting, every piece of evidence that there was more out there for us to explore, uncover, experience.
For me, the Pacific Northwest quickly transformed in my mind, into the world’s playground, growing more and more enchanting, with each reported Bigfoot sighting. Dating back to the early 1920’s, there were stories that gave me hope. Fred Beck famously detailed a horrific summer night in July 1924, when he and a group of fellow minors were attacked by several “apemen.” Others tried to dismiss the incident, explaining them away as bored pranksters with too much time on their hands. The reports didn’t stop. They ranged from a terrified mother receiving an alarming wake up call in her British Columbia residence, when a Bigfoot allegedly approached her home, to a Californian bulldozer operator uncovering a series of enormous footprints on the outskirts of his worksite. 

In 1967, Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin famously captured footage of a Bigfoot which later became known as the Patterson-Gimlin film. To many, this legitimized their belief. Clear proof of the Bigfoot had now been established, or so it seemed. The non-believers claimed foul play, which many dismissed as an inability to grasp the unknown. Several years later, the non-believers scored a major victory, when Bob Heironimus, an acquaintance of Patterson’s, proclaimed that he was in fact the mysterious Bigfoot, shattering the dreams of many. A polygraph test in 2005 confirmed Heironimus’ claims that he believed he was in fact the man behind Bigfoot in the famous video. 

With the start of the new millennium, it became increasingly difficult to justify or defend one’s stance on the positive existence of Bigfoot. A series of well staged hoaxes throughout the years, in addition to Heironiumus’ crippling admission, had all but eradicated any firm foundation for believers to stake their claim. But things changed suddenly on September 16th, 2007. An image of a potential Bigfoot was captured by Rick Jacobs’ automatically triggered camera attached to a tree. The Pennsylvania Games Commission quickly dismissed the image, saying that it looked like a “bear with a severe case of mange.” It appeared that Rick Jacobs’ photo was just the latest in a long line of dashed hopes for the Bigfoot believers, until a group of scientists examined the photo in-depth in 2008, and discovered the creature’s proportions were not aligned with that of a bear’s. The debate of the Bigfoot was once again on. For the hopeful, there was finally something to point towards and silence their close minded opponents. The doubters could only sigh, and point to a history littered with so called “pieces of evidence” that have been thoroughly dismissed time and again. Why should they concede that this would be any different?
Personally, having stood on both sides of the spectrum with firm footing, I now find myself in an unfamiliar place, a “no man’s land” or sorts. In the end, I go back to the beginning, and look to Harry and the Hendersons for answers: “According to science, Bigfoot doesn’t exist. When you can’t believe your eyes, trust your heart.” Sadly, in reality, I trust my eyes but not the evidence that they see, so in my heart there is no room for Big Foot until that time that I am proven wrong. 
Patiently, I wait.

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